Have you ever noticed a white or pinkish growth near someone’s pupil after spending time surfing or outdoors? This might be surfer’s eye, medically known as pterygium. Although it’s commonly associated with surfers, this condition can affect anyone who spends a lot of time in the sun, wind, or dusty environments.
This guide will cover everything you need to know about pterygium conjunctiva, its symptoms, causes, treatment options, and how to prevent it—especially if you’re surfing with prescription glasses, contacts, or without any eye protection at all.
What Is Surfer's Eye?
Surfer's eye, or pterygium, is a non-cancerous, wedge-shaped growth of tissue on the conjunctiva, the thin membrane covering the white of your eye. It can gradually extend over the cornea, causing discomfort and, in more serious cases, blurred vision.
The condition is commonly referred to as “surf eye” because it's prevalent among people who spend long hours surfing or outdoors—exposed to UV rays, wind, and salty air. While it's usually benign, it can become a recurring issue without proper care.
How Does It Happen?
The primary cause of pterygium conjunctiva is prolonged exposure to UV radiation, wind, and airborne irritants like sand and dust. The eye responds to these environmental stresses by generating excess tissue as a protective mechanism.
This abnormal tissue growth may begin as a small, yellowish bump but can grow over time and even interfere with your vision.
Surfer’s Eye Symptoms
If you're wondering, "what is surfer's eye and how do I know if I have it?", look out for these common pterygium symptoms:
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A visible pink or yellowish triangular growth on the white part of the eye
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Redness and eye irritation
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A gritty or burning sensation
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Blurred vision (if the growth reaches the cornea)
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Dry or watery eyes
These surfer's eye symptoms tend to flare up with sun exposure or after a day on the water.
Risk Factors
While surfer's eye can affect anyone, the following increase your risk:
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Prolonged sun exposure without eye protection
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Frequent exposure to wind, dust, or dry climates
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Living near the equator or in sunny environments
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Spending hours surfing with glasses or contact lenses without UV protection
The condition is especially common among outdoor enthusiasts and water sport athletes.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing pterygium is straightforward. An ophthalmologist will perform a visual exam using a slit lamp microscope. They may ask about:
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Symptoms of surfer's eye
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Exposure to sunlight and irritants
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Surfing habits or other outdoor activities
Prompt diagnosis is key to managing symptoms and preventing the growth from worsening.
Pinguecula vs. Pterygium
Though often confused, pinguecula and pterygium are different:
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Pinguecula: Yellowish, raised bump on the conjunctiva, usually caused by UV exposure or dryness.
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Pterygium: A more aggressive, fleshy growth that can extend over the cornea and impair vision.
Both are associated with sun surfing and wind exposure but require different approaches to care.
Prevention
You wouldn’t leave your board unprotected, so why neglect your eyes?
Here’s how to prevent surfer’s eye:
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Wear polarised sunglasses with 100% UVA/UVB protection—even on cloudy days.
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Use lubricating eye drops to prevent dryness.
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Wear a wide-brimmed hat to add extra shade.
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Limit long exposure to windy, sandy, or salty conditions.
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Consider contact lenses for surfing or surfing-specific prescription glasses with UV filters.
Pro tip: If you wear glasses, explore options specifically made for surfing with prescription glasses to shield your vision while catching waves.
Pterygium Treatment
If you're experiencing discomfort or visual obstruction, several pterygium self-care and medical options are available:
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Artificial tears to reduce dryness and irritation
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Steroid eye drops or anti-inflammatory medications (prescribed by an ophthalmologist)
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Protective eyewear for future prevention
Mild cases can often be managed at home with eye drops and sun protection.
Surgery for Surfer’s Eye
In more severe cases, surgery may be needed to remove the pterygium growth—especially if it’s affecting vision or causing persistent symptoms.
Pterygium surgery involves removing the tissue and, in some cases, grafting healthy conjunctiva to prevent regrowth. Recovery is typically quick, but it's important to:
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Follow all aftercare instructions
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Use prescribed eye drops
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Avoid excessive sun exposure post-surgery
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Attend regular follow-up visits
Aftercare
Proper surfer's eye aftercare ensures a smooth recovery:
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Use medicated drops as directed
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Avoid swimming or surfing for at least two weeks
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Wear sunglasses outdoors at all times
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Refrain from rubbing your eyes
Keeping your eyes protected from future UV damage is crucial to preventing recurrence.
Final Thoughts
Pterygium, or surfer's eye, is more than just a cosmetic issue. If untreated, it can progress and affect your vision. Whether you're a pro or just love weekend waves, protecting your eyes is just as important as protecting your board.
If you're surfing with contacts, glasses, or neither, invest in proper UV-blocking eyewear to keep your eyes safe. And if you're already experiencing surfer's eye symptoms, consult an eye care specialist for early diagnosis and treatment.
